Electoral competition 中文

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August undefined, 2024

WebTranslations in context of "选举竞争" in Chinese-English from Reverso Context: 大多数非洲人所在的国家已将民主和选举竞争作为规范而非例外。 WebElectoral competition or electoral competitiveness describes the amount of competition in electoral politics between candidates or political parties, usually measured by the …

electoral competition-翻译为中文-例句英语 Reverso Context

WebMar 1, 2008 · Abstract. We study a variant of the multi-candidate Hotelling–Downs model that recognizes that politicians, even after declaring candidacy, have the option of withdrawing from the electoral contest before the election date and saving the cost of continuing campaign. We find that this natural variant significantly alters equilibrium … WebJan 4, 2024 · Introduction. Electoral competition is a cornerstone of democracy. Competitive elections grant opposition parties the opportunity to displace incumbents, and is generally associated with “good governance” and a range of desirable policy outcomes, such as increased education spending, Footnote 1 higher life expectancy, Footnote 2 … partner.viator.com aaa

Full article: Electoral competition, political parties and clientelism ...

WebAug 28, 2024 · Electoral competition within districts is dependent on both of the major American political parties being evenly balanced. Therefore, redistricting can enhance or diminish competition through how it distributes partisans across districts. Indeed, politicians have used this process to manipulate boundaries in their favor for centuries. Web中文摘要. 冷戰結束後，「選舉式威權」（electoral authoritarianism）成為最普遍的威權政體型態，因此越來越多的研究開始探討選舉對於威權政體的影響。. 然而學者們的看法分成了兩派：一派認為選舉本質上是威權統治者的工具，目的使威權政體更加穩固；另一派 ... Web選舉式威權政體：選舉競爭度、穩定性與民主化. 並列篇名. Electoral Authoritarianism: Electoral Competitiveness, Stability, and Democratization. 作者. 李冠和. 中文摘要. 冷戰 … オリックス優勝雑誌 2022

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WebBasic English Pronunciation Rules. First, it is important to know the difference between pronouncing vowels and consonants. When you say the name of a consonant, the flow … WebIn part (d) 1 point was earned for accurately comparing the lack of political competition in the electoral process in post-1979 Iran (“elections are not politically competitive”) with the “greatly increased” political competition in the electoral process in post-1985 Mexico. The response also earned 1 point for an accurate partner visa 100 costWeb公民投票（英語： referendum ），簡稱公投、全民公決，由整个国家或者地区的全体人民投票决定某些问题，如是否与他国组成邦联、联邦或併入一个国家，决定国家政策的制 … partner visa 820 police check

"WebIn part (d) 1 point was earned for accurately comparing the lack of political competition in the electoral process in post-1979 Iran (“elections are not politically competitive”) with … " - Electoral competition 中文

Electoral competition 中文

WebAbstract. This chapter distinguishes between three general aspects of electoral competition: competitive elections, competitive electoral behavior, and a competitive … WebExamples of electoral competition in a sentence, how to use it. 20 examples: In both countries, intensified electoral competition rendered the surrender of…

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WebThe City of Fawn Creek is located in the State of Kansas. Find directions to Fawn Creek, browse local businesses, landmarks, get current traffic estimates, road conditions, and … Webelectoral competition. Predicted electoral competition is then used to instrument for actual electoral competition. Because competition is a non-monotonic function of vote shares, I am able to control for any direct e ects of party popularity, ensuring identi cation of …

Web1970年冷戰局勢及聯盟地圖. 1975年的阿波羅與聯盟號太空交會，是緩和時期美國和蘇聯合作的嘗試之一。. 從1962年10月底古巴飛彈危機結束並在1969年正式開始緩和期，一直持續到1970年代末結束的冷戰歷史如下所述。. 在此期間，儘管內部發生了約翰·甘迺迪 ... WebSep 9, 2016 · Invalid Ballots and Electoral Competition - Volume 7 Issue 2. Gani Aldashev, Professor of Economics, Universitè libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ECARES, and CRED, University of Namur, 50 Avenue F Roosevelt, CP 114, 1050 Brussels ([email protected]).Giovanni Mastrobuoni, Professor of Economics, Department …

WebThe Township of Fawn Creek is located in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. The place is catalogued as Civil by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names and its … WebElectoral Competition Voting Model Theory-relies on the assumption that citizens can be arranged along a single dimension from liberal to conservative and that voters prefer the …

Webwhen the electoral bias is towards her.4 On the other hand, if the electoral advantage is with the challenger, increases in competition have no impact on corruption. The intuition behind our result is simple: when competition on ideology is very low, so that the incumbent faces a \safe" constituency, then she can get away with high corruption,

WebSep 10, 2024 · Electoral competition influences political interventions related to natural resources, but it is not the only factor in play. 2 Interactions between electoral competition and state actions are mediated by electoral rules, 3 institutionalization of the party system and the state, 4 and social organization. 5 Several studies suggest that ... partner visa application nzWebElectoral competition–the degree to which challengers and minority parties are able to hold incumbents accountable by mounting credible campaigns–serves as a further indicator of the accessibility and responsiveness of a democratic system to the people. Incumbents at every level of government have historically enjoyed high reelection rates ... partner visa 100 processing timeWebturnout. Statewide elections in which voters choose delegates to the national party conventions are __________ elections. primary. One way to increase voter turnout is to … partner visa 309 processing timeWebelectoral翻譯：（有關）選舉的。了解更多。オリックス優待 100株Webfocus on electoral competition. Specifically, based on Cox (1987, 1990) and Myerson (1993), we argue that electoral systems that encourage politicians to appeal to narrow constituencies tend to have higher levels of agricultural support. To test this hypothesis, we use an OECD data set of the Producer Support Estimate, which measures direct and partner visa application form australiaWebcontest翻譯：競賽, 比賽；競賽, 努力, （為贏得選舉或權力而進行的）爭取，爭奪, 爭論, 質疑；辯駁；駁斥, 競爭, 競爭；爭奪；角逐, 努力, 爭取，爭奪（選舉勝利或權力）。了解更多。 partner visa 309 processing time 2023Web大量翻译例句关于"electoral competition" – 英中词典以及8百万条中文译文例句搜索。 electoral competition - 英中 – Linguee词典在Linguee网站寻找 partner valuation